Machine tool



Sept. 9, 1941. s CURTIS- 2,255,739

MACHINE TOOL Filed June 8, 1938 15 Sheets-Sheet 1 I I /1 6a, 7770(3. 2

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M. S. CURTIS Sept. 9, 1941.

MACHINE TOOL 13 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 8, 1938 235 com M. S. CURTIS Sept. 9, 1941.

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MACHINE TOOL Filed June 8, 1938 15 Sheets-Sheet 4 Sept, 9, 1941.

M. S. CURTIS Sept. 9, 1941.

MACHINE TOOL Filed June 8, 1938 15 Sheets-Sheet 6 M. s. CURTIS Sept. 9, 1941.

MACHINE TOOL 15 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed June 8, 1958 ept. 9 1941.

M. S. CURTIS MACHINE TOOL Filed June 8, l938- 15 Sheets-Sheet 8 M. S. CURTIS Sept. 9, 1941 MACHINE TOOL Filed June 8, 1938 15 Sheets-Sheet 9 @QN. HQN QWN hl h. 00m umu mow WW now u T" 00w \ll| now o 00M PM QNQ mnu NS Gnu TwN M. s. CURTIS.

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Filed June 8, 1938 15 Sheets-Sheet l1 WWQRE ww mnn 0mm Sept. 9, 1941. 'M s, CURTS 2,255,739

MACHINE TOOL Patented Sept. 9, 1941 2.258.139 momma roof.

Myron 8. Curtis, Pawtncket, B. L, allignor, by

memo assignments, to Potter & Johnston Ma-' chine Company, Pawtucket, B. 1.,a corporation 62 Rhode Island Application June a, 1938, Serial No. 212,5 71' Claims. (or. 29-44) The present invention relates to machine tools, particularly of the type where either the work or the tool, or both, is rotated.

In practically all machines of this type, there are two functions to be accomplished: First, the

rotation of the tool or work: and, secondly, the

feeding or movement of the tool and work with respect to each other. For the purpose of iilustrating the invention herein, the principal detailed description refers particularly to where the work or work holder (hereinafter referred to as the spindle) rotates and where the tool holder or holders (hereinafter called the "slide) are moved with reference to the spindle for the purpose of doing work (this movement hereinafter called the feed), it being understood, however, that I do not limit myself to this adaptation as the spindle may carry the tools and the work fed thereto.

One'of the objects of this invention is a centralized mechanism and control in one unit both for the rotation of the spindle and for the feeding of the tool, and which is hereinafter called the Power Unit. This power unit is identical for all types of machines illustrated, and to this unit may be attached various other secondary units whereby the combined units either form a turret lathe, a center turning lathe, a single cut chucking machine, a boring. or drilling machine, a milling machine, etc. For the above types of machines, the member which rotatably carries either the work or the tool is hereinafter called the spindle. In a lathe this spindle will carry the work, but for a multiple spindle drilling and boring machine or a milling machine, the spinselectable either manually or automatically. It is also desirable that the spindle be stopped or started either manually or automatically.

The feed shaft should be driven by the spindle for all movements during which the tools are cutting so that the ratio between the feed shaft and the spindle remains constant and, if the speed of revolution of the spindle is changed, the feed per revolution of the spindle will remain constant.

It is, however, desirable that the ratio between the' spindle and the feed shaft be changeable either manually or automatically, and it is furthermore desirable that thi change of ratio be stepless within its limits. I

For all idle movements of the feed shaft, 1. e., movements during which the tools are brought to and from the work, it is desirable that these movements take place in the shortest possible time, therefore, at a quicker speed independent of the spindle.

It is further more necessary that all these various functions such as the changing of the spindie speed, the changing of the ratio of the feed to the spindle, the changing of the feed from its quicker speed idling movements to its feeding movements or vice versa, the stopping of Y the spindle for loading or unloading, the stopdies will carry the tools. The member for feeding the work and tools with respect to each other is hereinafter called the feed shaft. In the case of a lathe of any type this feed shaft operates the tool carrying member, whereas in the case of a multiple spindle drill, or milling machine, for example, it operates the work carrying member.

A further object is to provide an improved machine tool permitting wider. range of use with a minimum cost, having greater emciency in production of work and safety to both operator and ping and starting of the machine as a whole or such otherfunctions as may be hereinafter described, be controlled either manually or automatically; and that it be possible to change from manual control to automatic control, or vice versa. It is also important that all of the various functions be interlocked so that they can only take place during their proper sequence. In view of the fact that many complex functions are involved these various controls are accomplished electrically, thus providing a simple and the workpiece, having greater simplicity of construction and having complete automatic and manual control.

Briefly, some of the objects of the invention stepless within their limits, and they must be quick method of control without the use of levers, shafts, connecting rods, etc., which would be. necessary if the control was mechanical.

Means are also provided for lubricating all necessary parts of the machine from one central pump unit: and as the spindle or the feed shaft may be running together or separately, the control of this lubricating unit by both the spindle and the feed shaft is provided, so that if either or both of these units are operating, the lubricating unit will be operating, and will cease from operation only when both units are stopped.

There is also provided a means for supplying cutting fluid compound or coolant to the work or cutting tools, and control this supply of lubricant either by hand or automatically.

v turret lathe;

' taching the secondary thelfco'mmo p er Furthermore,'simple means are employed for guarding the machine, and an automatic method of moving the guard to allow-access to the work and tools.

Also means arev employed for controlling a chuck both automatically and manually.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention is all that is shown and described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, having reference to the special combination and organization of parts illustrated and described.

Referring in detail to the drawings which show the preferred embodiments of the invention as at present devised: 4

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a turret lathe;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of a single out chucking lathe;

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of a center turning ing lathe;

Fig. 4 is a front elevation of a boring machine or multiple spindle drill;

Fig. 5 is a front elevation of a milling ,machine, in all of which thepower unitvis the same; I Fig. 6 is a front elevation morein' d' 1, Fig. 7 is an end elevation of theipoweriunit; Fig.8 is a. rear elevation of Fig. 7,*partiall y ':in section to illustrate the lubricant distrib'utoi :of the power unit;

I Fig. 9 is an endelevation of Fig. 6 fromthef ur F g. 9A is a detail showing one'inanne ,o

unit:

Fig.-10 is adiagrammatical' Fig. 7, on the-line 'I0+--I =0--thereof;'

Fig. 10A is a plan'elevation'of the speed-chang ing mechanism of the 'variacle speen 'ans'niission H3 and 826.

Fig. 11 is an enlargedsectio'n'of th difierentifal in Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a cross-section throu' 7'onthe" line I2-I2 and illustrating thejc'ontrol. drum;

Fig. 13 is a section through Fig. 7 on the line l3-I3 illustrating a portion of the feed shaft;

Fig. 14 is the end elevation of Figs. 12 and 13;

Fig. 15 is a front view partially in section of the pre-selector;

Fig. 16 is a transverse section taken on the line I6--I6 of Fig. 15 showing the motor end of the preselector;

, Fig. 1'7 is a section thru Fig. 15 approximately on the line 'I'III;

'1 Fig. 24 is an end elevation of Fig. 23;

Fig. 25 is a section thru Fig. 23 substantially on the line 2525 thereof;

Fig. 26 is a detail of the brake for turret index motor;

i Fig. 2'7 is a developed view of the binder cam for raising and lowering turret; I Fig. 28-is a section on the line '28-28 of Fig. 6 showing the cross-slides and mechanism for opcrating the same;

Fig. 29 is a detail elevation of one of the adiustable stops in cross slide feeding means;

Fig. 30 is asection taken approximately on the line 30-30 of Fig. 28 illustrating the magnetic clutches therefor:

Fig. 31 is a detail section approximately on the line 3I-3I of Fig. 28;

Fig. 32 is a section of a modified means for driving the cross-slides;

Fig. 33 is an enlarged partial end elevation of Fig. 6 illustrating a backfacer actuating mechanism on one end of the power unit;

Fig. 34 is a section taken on line 34-38 of Fig. 33;

Fig. 35 is a section taken on line 35-35 of Fig.

as and showing detailsof magnetic clutch for characters of reference designate like and corre sponding parts.

"- i' I Referring in particular to Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, a. power unit I00 is diagrammatically shown which comprises a centralized mechanism containing, at least,'.a rotatable spindle IOI having a chucking device 376, means for actuating the spindle and the secondary units (to be attached or coupled to the power unit), and control means. manual and automatic, for boththe spindle and the secondary units. These secondary units may be of various types; for instance, in Figure 1 is 11- lustrated lathe unit I00 which may be of the single tool slide or the turret slide type; in Figure 2 is illustrated a single-cut-chucking-lathe unit I00"; in Figure 3 is-shown a center turning lathe unit I00; in Figure 4 is shown a multiple spindle drill unit and in Figure 5 is shown a milling machine unit I00, all of which may be interchangeably positioned in cooperative relation with a single power unit I00 and the part or parts thereof which cooperate with the spindle chuck 316 are operated and controlled from power unit I00 thru the feed shaft I60.

The units I00, I00, I00, I00, and I00 each have a wall of its housing or frame 499 detachably connected by bolts or other fastener means 500 to a contiguous wall of the common power unit I00 (see Figs. 1 to 5, 6 and 9 so as to maintain the units in proper rigid and. stationary position with respect to each other, the feed shaft I60 having a coupling I00 by which the corresponding feed shaft of each secondary unit may be connected and disconnected to the feed shaft POWER Um'r Spindle drive The power unit I00 has rotatably mounted therein, in suitable bearings, a spindle IM to which is keyed gear I02 meshing with pinion I03 on shaft I04 (Figs. 6 and 10.). Removably keyed to shaft I04 is a hand change gear I05 meshing with and driven by a hand change gear I06, removably keyed to shaft I01 (Figs. 7 and 10). Shaft I 01 has keyed to it gear I06 which is driven by pinion I09 thru compound intermediate gears IIO revolving on stud III. A motor H2 is attached to and drives an infinitely variable speed changing device II3 (Fig. 10). such as the New Departure Transitorq,-and to the output shaft II4 of the variable speed device is keyed pinion I09. The motor 2 is a constant speedmotor and the speed of the output shaft II4 of the variable speed transmission II3 may be varied infinitely throughout its range by rotating shaft II5. Shaft .II5 is fastened thru flexible shaft I I8 to shaft I I 1 of the preselector I I8 (to be hereinafter described in connection with Figs. 15 to 20). Thus, it will be seen that the spindle IOI is driven by motor I I2 thru the variable speed device I-I3,- and the spindle speeds can be controlled and changed by the preselector II8.

Feed shaft drive Referring to Figs. 7 and 10, it will beobservedf that keyed to spindle IOI is sprocket II9;which, thru chain I20, drives sprocket I2I keyed tofshaft 122." Also keyed to shaft 122 ispinion ,zs--' (1 ='1 1 0) which meshes with and drives gear.-i-'24' keyed- I 23 rotatably supported in .planetary carrienar I30 on shaft I-30' and which pinions 112. 'Iies I32. The-housing I.32! also carries'an'ex'ternal gear I32 'meshingwi th and driven byLpinIQn-IS 4 keyed to the shaft m.-. T e-shaft I13 haslkeye to it a pinion I34 (Fig.- 10.).. 1-31hege ra i s:

this difierential drive are, s u'chtha variable speed transmission @126 variation between the speed-off 'th I and the shaft I (carrying the'g'ear IM) and the torque on the output shaft I21 of the variable is approximately 5 of the torque of the shaft I30 and its pinion I34.

The speeds of the variable transmission I26 may be varied infinitely thru its range by rotation of shaft I35 which shaft is connected by flexible shaft I36 with shaft I31 on the preselector II8. Therefore, the output speed of pinion I34 may be controlled and varied by the preselector II8 in a manner hereinafter to be described in connection with Figs. 15 to 20.

Through the mechanism just described, feed shaft I60 is actuated from the spindle IOI from I pinion I34 thru intermediate gear I36 to drive -gear I39 running loosely on shaft I40 (see Figs.

7, 10 and 13). Fastened to gear I39 is magnet I4I of a magnetic clutch, and keyed to shaft I40 is the armature I42 of this magnetic clutch, and

de-energized and motor I44 is energized, shaft I40 is driven at a high constant speed for idle movements and, when both are de-energized, shaft I40 remains stationary.

Difl'erential switch If shaft I40 is running at a high speed and gear I39 at a comparatively low speed, there would be -a severe shock uponthe engagement of clutch I4I due to the momentum of shaft I46. Therefore, means are provided for preventing the energizing of magnet I4I excepwhen shaft I40 and gear' I39 are running approximately at the same speed. Keyed to shaft I40 is a gear I45 and fastened to gear I39 is a gear I46, which mesh respectively with pinions I41 and I46 running loosely on stud I49 which stud is supported in arm I50 rotatably mounted bn shaft I40. The end I 5| of arm I50 is normally held against stop I52 by spring I53 (Figs. 13 and 14) when gears I45 and I46 are running at the same speed. Pinions I41 and I46 have between them a friction washer I54, and friction is applied between th gears by spring I55 on the stud I49. When gear of spring I53 (Fig. 14), causing the end III of arm I50 to contact switch I56, closing the same and preventing the magnetic clutch I from being energized while shaft I40 and gear I" '.:are running at different speeds in a way hereinafter to be described.

Control drum A shear pinv coupling I58 has one-half thereof keyed to shaft I40. and the other half of the coupling keyed to feed shaft I60 whereby the '-latter is driven (Fig. 13). 1 1601s a bevel pinion I6I meshing with and driv- Also keyed to shaft ing a bevel gear I62 keyed to shaft I63 which has integral with it a worm I64 meshing with worm gear I65 of the control drum I69 (Figs. '1, 13

*4 d mounted on an electric switch carrier I66, which I25 and the output shaft I21, thereisa.vari'ations -j;..is preferably tubular to encase the electrical of 30-to-1 between the speed ,offjh' inp t sh ft conductor as will be later apparent. The carrier and 14); This worm. gear I65 is rotatably;

I66 is fixed at one end in the power unit housing I00 by hub I61 and at its other end is supported by and keyed to plate I68 removably secured to adjacent the removable plate I68, is an internal spider I10 rotatably mounted on the carrier I66,

whereby the drum I69 will rotate about the fixed carrier I66.

Dogs I13 may be inserted thru and fastened in the perforated slots I14 in drum I69 and when so inserted act upon switches I15, which are held in carrier I66, as the drum is rotated. The perforated slots I14 may extend in rows circumferentially of the drum I69, each slot in a row being spaced from the other and each being staggered with respect to the slots in adjacent rows'along the whole length of the drum, and the switches I15 extend the whole length of the carrier I66. The ratio of gearing between shaft I60 and drum I69 is such that drum I69 makes one revolution for one cycle of the machine, and thru dogs I13 and switches I15 control automatically the various functions of the machine in a wa'y hereinafter to be described.

With previous types of control drums, where the dogs are fastened on the outside and where the elements to be acted on by the dogs are also on the outside of the drum, adjustment of these dogs, particularly if a fine adjustment is required,

1 becomes difficult due to the fact that the conclosed position.

trolled element is between the operator and the dog. In the present construction, with the controlled elements inside the drum, there is nothing between the operator and the dog, and very fine adjustments can be made with ease. It may be also noted, that by removing plate I88 and screw I12, drum I88 and its attached plate I'I0 may disturbing any of the positions of the dogs. This is especially advantageous in the case of a complicated setup which must be repeated, because the drum I88 complete with its located dogs I13 It may be desirable to rotate feed shaft I80 by hand for obvious purposes, and to this end is provided a gear I'I8 keyed to shaft I 83, and therefore directly connected with shaft I80 (Figs. 6, 7,

13 and 14). Apinion I11 (see Figs. 14 and 18) is fast on a slidable shaft I11, which has a squared end I18 to receive a wrench or crank handle, and may be pushed into mesh with gear I78 so that gear I82, and thereby shaft I80, may be rotated .by pinion I". When pinion I" is thus placed in mesh with gear "8 a cam surface I18 on shaft I'I'Ia pushes rod I80 of switch I8I to open the latter and to prevent any poweroperatlon,

of shaft I80 while the pinion I" is engaged with gear I18, switch I8I being normally biased Gear changing It may be necessary to remove plate I82 (Figs.

1 be completely removed from the machine without ing gears I05 and I08, there is provided a switch 4 I83 (Fig. 7) with a plunger I88 by' which plate I82 closes switch I88, when the plate is in position, allowing current to be supplied to the motor H2, and opens switch I83 when plate I82 is removed, thus breaking the circuit through motor II 2 (Flg. 36) in a way hereinafter be described.

Lubrication For lubricating the machine there is provided a pump I85 (Figs. 7 and 8) connected to and driven by motor I88. This pump sucks oil from .sump I87 in the bottom of power unit housing I00 thru a strainer I88 and pipes I88 and delivers it Speed and feed preselecting As before mentioned, the variation in speed of the variable speed devices H3 and I28 (Fig. 10) is accomplished by rotating shafts II5 and I35 by shafts III and I31, respectively, in the preselector II8 (Figs. 6, 7, 15, 16 and 17) thru flexible shafts I I8 and I38; and as the construction and operation is the same in both cases, only the changing of the speed of the spindle driving transmission I I3 will be described and which is as follows:

Shaft II I is driven by a reversible motor I82 thru gears I83 and therefore controls the drive of the variable speed transmission I I3 thru flexible cable II8 connected to shaft II5. Also keyed to shaft III is worm I88 meshing with worm gear I88 keyed to shaft I88. Keyed to shaft I 88 are sets of cams I81 and I88 (Figs. 15,17, 19 and 20), there being three sets of speed changes shown in Figs. 6 and and as many of said sets of cams as there may be speedsdesired to preselect. The cams I81 and I88 are here illustrated (Figs. 15, 1'1, 19 and as on the internal surface of a flanged disc 800. A switch carrier I88 is loosely mounted on shaft I88, and carries switches 200 and 20I. Keyed to switch carrier I88 is a worm gear 202 meshing with worm 203,

whose end extends thru the face of the preselector casing I I8 and is squared or otherwise formed at its end 208 to receive a turning wrench. By thus manually rotating this worm 203, the position of the switch carrier I88 and its switches 200 and MI can be adjusted or preselected. One of these switches 20I is a direction switch and the other switch 200 is a stop switch for rotation of motor I82, and consequently shaft Ill and TURRET Tyre Mscnim:

One of the combinations of power unit and secondary units illustrated in detail is a turret lathe I00a, comprising a tool slide 228 (Figs. 1, 6, 9, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25) and with which may cooperate a cross slide or slides 214 and 215 (Figs. 6, -9, 28 to 32) as well as a back-facer 32I (Figs. 33 to 35). The construction and operation of these parts of the secondary unit I00awill now be described, but will first describe the tool or turret slide and its movement to and from the spindle IOI or--more properly-its movement with respect to the spindle chuck 318, which holds the work. i

1 Turret cam To the feed shaft I80 is keyed a bevel pinion 205 meshing with a bevel gear 208 keyed to shaft 4 20'! (Figs. 6 and 21). Integral with shaft 201 is a worm 208 meshing with and driving worm gear 208. The turret-slide cam may comprise a drum or cylinder 2I3 and having one end supported on a beveled rabbet 2I8 in an end member 2I0 to which it is removably keyed, as at 2I5. The end member 2I0 is rotatably mounted on a stud 2II fixed at 2I2 on machine frame I00a (Figs. 21 and 22) and preferably has worm gear 208 fast thereto by which the cam drum is driven through key 2I8. The other end of the drum 2I3-is provided with a thrust bearing cap 2I0a fixed thereto, mounted in which is a combination radial and thrust bearing 2I'Ia supported by a removable stud 2", which takes-up the end thrust of the drum in one direction. When the stud 2" is removed, the drum 2I3 maybe moved endwise sufliciently to allow it to clear rabbet 2I8. This end of the cam drum 2I3, which is supported by the end member 2I0, has a pronounced internal bevel 580 which engages a complemental beveled surface 2I8 on the end member 2I0. The stud .2" also' has a pronounced external bevl 'end 58I. The bottom of the drum compartment of form arcuate cradle surfaces 2l3, the radii of which are slightly larger than the radius of the drum 2l3 and the center of which is the same as the center of the studs 2 and 2. A runway 662, which may or may not be inclined, leads from door opening 2 l 3 (Fig. 21) in the outer wall of .the housing to the cradle H8 and upon which the cam drum may be rolled into and out of the machine, the relation of the crade and runway being such that the drum will remain in the cradle until deliberately moved. The position of the cradle with respect to the centers of the stud 2H and 2 is such that, when the drum is in the cradle, it is approximately centered with respect to the end member 2"! and the bearing 2H", so that when the stud 2" is inserted into its bearing 2 l1 its cliamfered or beveled end 56l will enter the opening of the bearing 2| 1 and, upon further inward movement of the stud 2H, the complemental bevel surfaces 566 and M6 will engage and cooperate to lift and center the adjacent end of the drum in the rabbet 2l6, and the other end of the drum will become properly supported on the stud 2|I.

Shaft 26'! is provided with a bevel gear 226 meshing with a bevel gear 22E on shaft 222 and to the other end of which is aflixed bevel gear 223 meshing with bevel pinion 226 on shaft 225; and thru shaft 225 power can be applied to various subsidiary slides, such as slide 225, shown in center turning lathe I66 illustrated in Fig. 3.

Turret slide A turret slide 226 is slidably supported on ways 22'! and 223 (see Figs. 6, 9 and 21). These ways may be arranged parallel to each other and positioned to lie in a plane inclined to the horizontal, as may be particularly seen in Figs. 9 and 21. These ways also support the cross-slide base 236, which is adjustable along the length of the ways and also disposed in a plane at an angle with the vertical. By thus putting the cross slide and turret slide on an inclined angle various purposes are served. It first allows compound and chips to fall directly into the pan instead of remaining on the ways; secondly, it allows the operator much closer access to the work; thirdly, it allows the operator to adjust any tool on any turret face or on. any cross slide from the one position while standing in front of the machine; and fourthly, it allows a convenient and easy way of guarding the machine as will be hereinafter described.

The turret slide 226 is provided with a subslide 23! (Figs. 23 and 24), adjustable longitudinally in slide 226 by screw 232 threaded in lug 233, and which may be clamped in its adjusted position by bolts 23d and clamps 236. Fixed on slide 2! is stud 236 carrying cam roll 23'! which travels in cam path 2 on drum 2l3 (Figs. 21 and 22) and thus the slide 226 is moved to and from the spindle by the rotation of' drum 2 l3. Fine adjustment of the position of the slide 226 with respect to the work may be obtained by adjustment of the slide 23! by means of the adjusting screw 232, v A turret 238 is provided with the usual tool sockets 238 and has a central bore therein receiving hollow sleeve 239, keyed at its lower end in boss 240 of slide 226, by means of which it is rotataby mounted on the slide 226 (Fig. 25). Turret 238 is also provided with an annular tapered seat 2 which co-acts with a complemental seat in slide 226, thus providing a seat for the turret 238 on its outer face of the slide,

p 5 when the turret is clamped in position. The rotation, or, indexing, of the turret is upon sleeve 239 and, therefore, bearing 2 is not subject to wear from the rotation of the turret.

One or more locking pins 242 is fixed in the slide 226 at the turret seat 2 and projects beyond the surface thereof. In the seating sur-- In order to index the turret, it is necessary to,

elevate it so that bushings 243 clear locking pins 242 and, after it has been indexed, to reseat the turret on seat 24!. with looking pins 242 projecting into bushings 243. This is accomplished as follows:

A stud 244 is slidably, but not rotatably mounted in sleeve 239, and is reduced at its upper end to provide a shoulder 245. A washer 246 surrounds the reduced end of the stud 244 and has its periphery fixed in a groove in the turret 236. This washer may. be clamped by a nut 248 threaded on reduced end of stud 24 4. When the stud 266 is raised, shoulder 245' engages the washer 246 and raises the turret. The cap 262 of the turret is firmly held in position shown on stud 266 by a nut 269 threaded on the extermity of said -stud. Conversely, when stud 266 is lowered, nut 2 26 coacts thruwasher 266 to return the turret to its seat 268. Also, stud 266 has a pin 256 transversely located in its lower end. The ends of the pin protrude thru slots 2M in sleeve 233 and are acted upon by cam path 262 in the hub of gear' 253 journalled on the sleeve 233 and resting on the boss 266, whereby rotation of this gear 253 first raises stud 266 and then lowers it. The gear 253 meshes with and is driven by gear 256, on spider 255 which indexes the turret.

This spider 2523 carries two Geneva arms 256 and 252, which by co-acting with the slots 256 in the Geneva plate 269 fastened to the turret 233 indexes the latter, there being two indexes for every revolution of spider 265. Fastened to spider 255 is a worm gear 266 driven by worm 265 on a shaft 262 keyed to armature 263 of a motor 262. When this motor is. actuated, the turret 238 is first raised from its seat'and from the locking pin, then indexed, and thenflpulled back into position. A disc 265 is also keyed to shaft 262, and with which a brake shoe 266 coacts under impulse of spring 26'! (Figs. 25 and 26). A solenoid 268, in parallel with the field of motor 266, is energized and releases the brake 266, when the motor is started, and spring 26? sets the brake when the motor is stopped.

The motor, and therefore the index movement, is started at any desired position manu ally by a push button 473E (Figs. 6 and 36) and/or automatically by a dog 2712 on the slide drum 2l3 (Figs. 22 and 36), and the Geneva spider 255 by means of pins 269 and 269 co-acting with the normally closed switch 210 and 210* (Figs. 23 and 36) stops the motor after the Geneva plate has made one half revolution.

The indexing of turret preferably takes place at a certain position of the tool slide 226, and with the tool slide at rest. For accomplishing this, switches 2' and 418 (see Fig. 22) are provided with which a dog 212 on cam drum 2l3 co-acts, and by means of which the feed shaft I66 and the tool slide 226 are brought to rest in a manner hereinafter described.

the armature. posed on the other side of the armature and Cross slide as previously mentioned, the crosstool slide rear cross slide 215. The rear end of the cross tool slide 215 has a bushing 2W rotatably mounted thereon carrying a stud 216 disposed 'ofl center so that when bushing 211 is rotated 180 from the position shown in Figs. 28 and 39 to the position shown in Fig. 40 a certain amount of adjustment of its cam roll 28! with respect to the slide 215 is obtained. It will thus be seen that as a result of such adjustment the cam roll stud 216 is still in a vertical plane through the axis of the cam drum 286 but the distance A to the'end of the slide is changed (see Figs. 39 and 40). Bushing 211'has also another opening 218 therein oil center with less degree and in which the stud 216 may be inserted to obtain two other variations in the distance A". Cam

- roll stud'216 protrudes thru a slot 219 in a plate 288 and, when the cam roll 28I is in its forward position, the shoulder 282 of the stud 216 abuts against edge 283 of plate 288, thus forming a stop, Plate 288 being adjustable by screw 288. The cam roll 28I co-acts with cam path 285 in cam drum 286, one end of which is supported in rabbet 288 on spider 281 and is driven thru key 289. The other end of the drmn is supported by plug 298 having stud shaft29l on which the drum is joumalled, and upon the removal of this plug 298 the drum may be slipped rearwardly until withdrawn from the keyed rabbet 288 and cleared from spider 281, and then removed thruopening covered by plate 294. Spider 281. is loose on the shaft 296 and has fastened to it worm gear 292 driven by worm 293 mounted loosely on feed shaft I68. 1

In the same manner as above the cross slide 214 is moved by cam path 285 in a drum 286 which in turn is driven by spider 281 keyed to the shaft'296, on the other end of which (adjacent the worm gear 292) is keyed worm gear 291 driven by worm 298.

Worms 293 and 298 are positioned side-byside. for compactness and convenience and are carried on shafts I68 and 388, respectively, journalled on bearings 295 and 295 on the cross slide base 238 (Figs. 28, 30 and 31). Each of said. worms has a bore therethru. The worm 293 has the tool slide feed shaft I68 extending free thru its bore and one end journalled in the bearings 295 and extending beyond the same. An armature 299 of a magnetic clutch is splined' to said extending end of the worm 293 and a magnet 388 is keyed to shaft I68 On one side of A braking magnet 38I is disheld stationary by set-screw 38I'. One or other of these magnets is always energized so that worm 293 is always either frictionally connected to tool slide feed shaft I68 or to stationary brake magnet 38I, whereby it is frictionally braked. Magnet 388 is energized either manually by a push button or automatically by a dog on the control drum I69 and, when so energized, brake magnet 38I is de-energized and slide 215 is driven from shaft I68. When drum 286 has .been thus rotated to a desired degree, the adiustable dog 382 on drum 286 actuates switch 383 to de-energize the driving magnet 388 and to energize the brake magnet 88I.

There may be a number of similar slide operating drums driven from feed shaft I68 and these drums must be kept in synchronism with each other and with the control drum I69, which is positively geared to shaft I68. and which makes one revolution to a cycle of the machine. To accomplish this synchronism it is necessary that each drum be started from the control drum I69 and stopped by itself, this procedure correcting any nonsynchronization which might take place thru slippage between magnet 388 and armature 299.

In a like manner worm 298, which is keyed to shaft 388, is driven from feed shaft I68. To this end, gear 381 is keyed to shaft 388 and meshes with gear 386 fast on an end of a hollow or sleeve shaft 386 rotatably surrounding feed shaft I68. The other end of the sleeve 386 has fast thereon a disc armature 385 of a magnetic clutch comprising stationary disc magnet 389 disposed between the armature 385 and the gear 386 and held fast to the cross slide base by plug 389. A disc magnet 384 keyed to feed shaft I68 and disposed on the other side of the armature 385 is supplied with electric current thru the sliding ring contact 384. The worm 298 may be held stationary by the stationary brake magnet 389 thru the above mentioned connections. and switch 3 (Fig. 28) operate to stop the drum 286 in the same way as hereinbefore described with respect to drum 286.

As hereinbefore described, the drums 286 and 286 always 'revolve in one direction in relation to shaft I68. It may be desirable to reverse the direction of these drums in respect to feed shaft I68 and this may be accomplished by the means shown in Fig. '32 where gears 3| 2 and 3I3 l'eyed to shaft I68 drive respectively magnets 3M and 3l5, each provided with gear teeth and loose on shaft 3 I1 to which worm 293 is keyed. The gear 3I2 drives magnet 3I4 thru intermediate pinion 3I6, and thus magnets 3M and 3I5 revolve in opposite directions in relation to feed shaft I68.

Between the magnets 3H and 3I5 is disposed an armature 3 I8 keyed to shaft 3I1 and may be frictionally driven by either magnet 3 or 3I5 upon the energizing of either of them. In order to hold the shaft 3" and its worm 293 stationary an armature 3I9 is keyed to shaft 3" and may frictionally engage with the stationary brake magnet 328. Therefore, worm 293 may be driven in either direction from shaft I68, or held stationary by magnet 328. In the case of the reverse cam drum (Fig. 32), as well as in the unidirection cam drum (Fig. 28), the drive connection from feed shaft I68 is established by dogs on the control drum I69 and/or is disconnected from shaft I68, and stopped by brake magnet 328, when switches 46I and 468 are actuated by dog 382 on the cross-slide drum itself. The

manner of controlling these slides will be hereinafter described.

Backfacer 313 (see Figs. 33, 34 and 35) and fastened to one end of a bar 323 slidably mounted in spindle "I. The other end of the bar 323 is, slidably mounted in a sleeve 324 which in turn is slidably mounted in a housing 335 supported on the casing of-the power unit I33. Bar 323- is slidably operated by a cam drum 333 actuated thru suitable mechanism from the shaft I43 (Figs. 6, 7, 10, 13, 33, 34, 35) and kept from turning in sleeve 324 by key 325 c'oacting with spline 323, but may be longitudinally adjusted in the sleeve 324 by bushing 321 threaded in outer end of sleeve 324 (Fig. 34). One end of the bushing 321 coacts with a collar 323 on rod 323, and the other end of bushing coacts with nut 323 on rod 323, so that by turning bushing 321 in or out of the end of the sleeve 324, rod 323 may be adjusted with relation to sleeve 324 and, when so adjusted, may be securely clamped in place by nut 323 and lock nut 333 externally threaded on bushing 321. Sleeve 324 is provided with a cam roll 33I passing thru slot 332 in bracket 333, on the housing 335 which prevents the sleeve 324, and hence rod 323, from rotating. Cam roll 33I coacts with cam path 334 in cam drum 335. One end of this drum .is supported by spider 333 rotatably mounted on stud 333* supported on one wall of the housing 335 and is keyed tothe spider at 331, while the other end of the drum is jou'rnaled on a stud shaft 338*, supported by removable plug 338 in an opposite wall of housing 335*. By the removal of this plug 338, the drum 335 may be removed f'pm its housing. The spider 333 also has keyed to it a worm gear 333 meshing with and driven by worm 343.

The means of driving worm 343. and hence drum 335, is the same as with the worm 233 and drum 286 of cross slide 213. Thus to worm 348 is splined an armature 3 of the magnetic clutch (Fig. 35) which may befrictionally engaged with rotatable disc magnet 342 keyed to and driven by shaft 343 upon the energizing of this magnet, or may be frictionally engaged with stationary disc brake magnet 344 upon its energization. As in the case of the cross slide 213, magnet'342 may be energized and magnet 344 de-energized by a switch operated either manually or automatically by the control drum I39 and, when so energized, drum 335 is operated by shaft 343 which is driven from feed shaft I43 thru mitre gears 341 and 348 (Figs. 6, '1, 10, 13, 33 and 35). Magnet 342 is de-energized and magnet 344 is energized by switch 345 by dog 343 on drum 335 as hereinafter more fully described.

Chip guard By placing the tool or turret slide 223 and the cross slide base 233 on an acute angle to the horizontal, and thus keeping all parts from protruding over the edge 343 of the base pan 343 (Figs. 6 and 9), I provide an improved and very convenient construction and one permitting the ready attachment and operation of the improved splash guards of this invention.

A hollow tubular track bar 353 extends horizontally from a bearing 35I at upper portion of the power unityl33 to bracket 352 clamped to we end. wall of the frame of the unit I33. The tube 353 is positioned well above the chuck 313. A second track bar 353 is held in suitable brackets 354 on the front face of the base pan 349 of the slide unit I33. A chip guard 355 is supported on bar 353 bygrooved wheels 353 and on bar 353 by groove wheels 351 and is thus slideable longitudinally of said bars. The chip guard 353 is preferably of one piece of material extending vertically upward from the track 333 and having its upper end portion curved inwardly of the machine to the track 333 in order to substantially cover the slides and chucks when in operative position, it being understood that it will be of the desired width for this purpose.

The guard 333 is operated to covering and uncovering positions by a motor 333 operatively connected to a screw feed rod 333 supported in bearings 33l'and 332 and passing thru an internally threaded bore in 9. lug 333 on the guard dogs coact with the trip finger 313 of the switch and thus regulate the direction of rotation of the motor 333. For example, when the guard is in its uncovering position, as shown in Fig. 3, dog 333 operates switch 331 to stop motor 333 and to change its direction'of the rotation so that, when it is again started (thru other means), the guard 335 will be moved in the direction toward the chuck and at the end" ofits travel. dog 333 will throw switch 331 to stop motor 333 and reverse its direction so that the next time the motor is operated. the guard will move in the direction away from the chuck.

' Motor 333 may be started either by a hand push button or automatically by a dog on the control drum I33 in a way hereinafter to be described.

Cutting lubricant While the various tools operate on the work it is necessary to supply a cutting lubricant to or stopped by hand or automatically by a dog on the control drum I33. The cutting lubricant is delivered from pump 31I thru pipe 313'to the end of the tubular guard track 353, (thus performing two functions) from which the coolant is distributed to various parts of the machine, for example, to the chuck by means of outlet 314 (Fig. 6), or to the tool holding sockets 238 of the turret 238 by flexible outlet 31! (Figs. 6, 9 and 25).

Chuck ,or ring 311 having an annular groove 383 to receive the end of a yoke 319 mounted on shaft 38I having a lever arm 318. When ring 311 is moved in one direction it opens the chuck Ja'ws 311%, and in the other direction closes the chuck jaws. The arm 313 is rocked by piston 382 in cylinder 383 thru a connecting rod 384.; Either side of thepiston may be connectedto thesource of pressure, compressed air,for' example, or may be exhausted to the atmosphere through pipes 

